Congratulations to Ali whose PhD work was published in PLoS Genetics this week. For her PhD, Ali identified new regulatory targets for the multiple antibiotic resistance activator (MarA) protein. Ali figured out that MarA is regulating multiple aspects of cell envelope biology that, individually, have only a small impact on drug resistance. However, when these different regulatory pathways combine, the impact on the ability of bacteria to resist antibiotics is substantial. Recognition of this synergy should be the the start of a new research area for the lab.